Scott Alexander and troof have tried their hand at this before: subjects rate nootropics they have tried on a scale of 1-10 and their side effects/doses. Then, those ratings are all averaged to rank which nootropics are considered effective by the community.
I have access to Scott Alexander’s 2016 and 2020 surveys on nootropics (thank) as well as troof’s dataset, so I figured I would combine the results for greater breadth and precision. In total, I have collected 39,944 ratings collected from 3,681 individuals.
I also made one methodological decision: I controlled for source-bias (SSC2016, SSC2020, nootroflix) and user-rating bias using a mixed-effects model. Some people systematically give higher ratings than others, and if doing so correlates with taking certain drugs, then the aggregate ratings will be biased.
This is the efficacy vs popularity chart1:
The first thing that stands out is that having a high rating is not necessarily indicative of anything: there is evidence that exercise does not substantially affect either depression and intelligence (after controlling for publication bias), yet it is highly rated. It changes how people feel, and they expect it to work. Cerebrosylin is also highly rated, but it’s also probably junk.
Most of the legitimate nootropics: caffeine, amphetamine/derivatives, modafinil/derivatives, hallucinogenics, nicotine, and prescription medications are all highly rated. I’ve never tried phenibut, but I’ve heard it works, and it’s also extremely highly rated. There are also a lot of studies on it having terrible withdrawals — what I can say is that if it makes people come down, it must make them come up first.
The low-rated nootorpics are mostly supplements and herbs that you would not expect to do anything. People unanimously say getting more sleep is better than getting less. There is some signal in the noise, but it is hard to parse.
Trying to find any correlational sense in the data is surprisingly difficult. There are predictable findings — people who like armodafinil also tend to like modafinil. Otherwise, it’s a lot of junk.
II.
In practice, a big hurdle in terms of using a drug is developing tolerance or not dealing well with side effects.
I suspect that drug tolerance is multifaceted — some of their phenotypic effects decrease with use, but others do not. Maybe using caffeine for a long time mutes its effect on the heart, but doesn’t affect what it does to the brain. Drugs don’t come in abstract doses either. In practice, what prevents people from using high doses is that the peripheral effects of the drug start to outweigh the desired main effect. So if we have drug 1 that is a 6/10 in terms of effect/gram and 1/10 in terms of sides/gram, and then drug 2 that is a 8/10 in temrs of main effect/gram and a 5/10 in terms of sides/gram — I would argue that drug 1 is the “stronger drug”. The only way this can’t be true is if the dose-response effect is not linear AND differs by drug — so if drug 1 taps out unusually early in terms of effects, then it’s possible that drug 2 is stronger because the effect can be maintained over a large dose. I suspect something like this occurs with amphetamine and modafinil — where amphetamine is a stronger drug because it affects the body in multiple ways (dopamine, norepinephrine, TAAR1), whereas the only effect modafinil has that people seem to be really sure about is dopamine reuptake inhibition.
Looking at the nootroflix dataset, where people were allowed to report various side effects, this was the side effect profile of the top 20 most highly rated drugs:
As expected, stimulants build tolerance and can be addictive. Bupropion stands out as a drug people often discontinue, despite high efficacy and a low liability for addiction. A cousin of mine uses it, and seems to think it works, but he says that the withdrawal is insanely difficult to handle. I’ve also heard this is the case for SNRIs.
More drug facts (based on nootroflix dataset; using the aggregate ratings):
#1: highly rated drugs build up more tolerance.
#2: tolerance buildup is a necessary and insufficient condition for addiction.
#3: people notice persistent side effects in drugs they quit.
III.
There is also the question of what nootropics experienced users tend to rate more highly. Only a few passed the p<.01 level, and all of them were weak:
Nootropic n correlation p_value
<chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Caffeine 3484 0.10017 5.2133e-9
2 L-Theanine 2567 0.12275 2.3959e-7
3 Melatonin 1912 0.12384 1.0551e-6
4 Magnesium 997 0.13652 1.5228e-5
5 Creatine 1649 0.097075 9.6523e-4
6 Vitamin D 487 0.14284 1.5758e-3
7 Meditation 429 0.14944 1.9117e-3
8 Ashwagandha 1465 0.096516 5.2494e-3
9 LSD (microdose) 1253 0.11750 5.6679e-3
10 Nicotine 1719 0.077142 7.1891e-3
11 Omega 3 956 0.084249 9.1569e-3Interestingly, none of these are pharmaceuticals, and are fairly popular nootropics.
V.
There is the question of targeting. The OG Scott Alexander survey asked people about their mental health — depression, anxiety, and ADHD; these factors can be correlated with their nootropic ratings.
The SSC 2016 finds… basically nothing2. The only one of note was a correlation between anxiety and semax/selank, which is to be expected, but a correlation with a p-value that low would also be expected to appear at random too…
> results
Nootropic n ADHD_cor Anxiety_cor Depression_cor
<chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Aniracetam 211 0.089352 0.16843 -0.0017279
2 Ashwagandha 218 -0.033750 -0.025323 -0.081165
3 Caffeine 769 -0.081765 -0.030708 -0.071853
4 Coluracetam 100 -0.10844 0.12713 0.11529
5 Creatine 352 -0.0052770 0.10956 0.010003
6 Modafinil 480 -0.10179 -0.030736 -0.0084299
7 Noopept 312 0.038232 0.052330 -0.050274
8 Oxiracetam 165 0.087033 0.011851 -0.021060
9 Phenylpiracetam 196 0.023689 0.10193 -0.000086302
10 Piracetam 289 0.030179 0.11017 -0.020228
11 Rhodiola 206 -0.039773 0.049512 -0.034419
12 Theanine 455 0.054842 0.014214 -0.070745> cor.test(ssc2016_2$MentalHealthAnxiety, ssc2016_2$SelankandNASelanketc)
Pearson’s product-moment correlation
data: ssc2016_2$MentalHealthAnxiety and ssc2016_2$SelankandNASelanketc
t = 3.65, df = 66, p-value = 0.00052
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.18987 0.59049
sample estimates:
cor
0.40975 Funniest correlation in the dataset: self-reported experience with nootropics correlates at .193 (weakly) with the number of nootropics the user rated.
Personal update
Now living on a relative’s property.
Sleeping problem still exists, might be apnea (due to morning chest palpitations), is less severe when I leave the window open or abstain from AC.
> ##DATA:
> unite %>% arrange(-slog)
name slog sd mean n
1 Dexedrine 7.7225 3.0753 7.0608 181
2 Adderall 7.6001 2.6921 7.2882 930
3 Weightlifting 7.1507 2.8231 6.5926 567
4 Ritalin 6.6760 3.2295 5.9373 287
5 Armodafinil 6.6758 2.8529 6.2374 139
6 High intensity cardio 6.6699 2.9791 6.1099 364
7 DMHA 6.6375 3.4641 7.0000 15
8 Modafinil 6.5224 2.6570 6.4381 1518
9 Cerebrolysin 6.5209 3.4287 6.5455 33
10 Low intensity cardio 6.3453 2.8488 5.7179 507
11 Phenibut 6.3274 3.0260 6.2703 762
12 Trying to get more sleep 6.3143 3.2455 5.6838 993
13 Psilocybin (microdose) 6.2702 3.0432 6.0283 494
14 Meditation 6.2277 2.9185 5.6503 429
15 Xanax 6.2277 3.3338 5.6579 152
16 Caffeine 6.1676 2.5146 5.9826 3385
17 Tianeptine 5.9665 2.8199 6.0037 271
18 LSD 5.9238 2.5648 6.3394 109
19 P21 5.8814 4.0999 5.1429 7
20 LSD (microdose) 5.8616 3.0993 5.6022 553
21 Paleo diet 5.7327 2.9138 5.2208 77
22 Kratom 5.6695 3.1696 5.1367 278
23 Semax/etc 5.6174 3.0457 5.8105 190
24 Intermittent fasting 5.5394 2.7709 4.9956 454
25 Bright lights in morning 5.4590 2.9062 4.9546 463
26 N-methyl-cyclazodone 5.4037 2.1931 6.1429 7
27 Nicotine 5.3857 2.8611 5.0552 1213
28 Dynamax 5.3116 2.4962 5.6923 13
29 IDRA-21 5.2962 3.3682 4.3000 10
30 Phenylpiracetam 5.2890 2.8705 5.3373 504
31 Bupropion 5.2651 3.1691 4.4917 242
32 Bromantane 5.2519 2.6584 5.2762 105
33 Carnivore diet 5.2473 3.1259 4.7083 120
34 Ketogenic diet 5.2362 3.0931 4.7728 405
35 Selank/etc 5.2034 3.1031 5.5000 94
36 Adrafinil 5.1788 2.8941 4.7152 165
37 Cold shower / Ice bath 5.1681 2.7772 4.5880 284
38 9-MBC 5.1264 3.0348 3.7200 25
39 Melatonin 5.0702 2.9759 4.7111 1544
40 Epicorasimmunebooster 5.0289 2.6514 5.5676 37
41 Selegiline 4.9708 3.3795 4.7011 87
42 NSI-189 4.9703 2.7295 3.9167 36
43 SNRIs 4.9581 3.2434 4.0238 126
44 Dynamine 4.9299 2.7502 4.9750 40
45 L-Theanine 4.8735 2.6936 4.8449 1760
46 Etifoxine 4.8560 3.9358 3.9091 11
47 BPC-157 4.8171 3.5111 4.5000 30
48 NAC 4.8129 3.0236 4.6899 445
49 Nefiracetam 4.7945 5.0000 2.5000 4
50 RGPU-95 4.7592 3.2094 4.5000 6
51 SSRIs 4.7108 3.2616 4.0783 383
52 Pramiracetam 4.6851 2.9307 4.6535 101
53 Oxiracetam 4.6111 2.6960 4.6797 281
54 Dihexa 4.5816 3.4614 4.3077 26
55 PRL-8-53 4.5742 2.9661 4.5281 89
56 Nofap 4.5606 3.2839 3.9883 511
57 Agmatine 4.5570 3.0631 4.2579 159
58 Zembrin 4.5539 2.9482 4.4268 82
59 Aniracetam 4.5431 2.7284 4.4606 406
60 Nicotinamide riboside 4.5418 2.8329 4.5204 98
61 Emoxypine 4.5207 2.6774 4.3030 66
62 Vegan diet 4.5173 3.4512 3.8932 206
63 MAOIs (except Selegiline) 4.4631 3.2156 3.7333 30
64 Uridine 4.4368 2.8501 4.4777 157
65 Donepezil 4.4346 2.5166 3.5000 4
66 Magnesium 4.4345 2.9756 3.8295 997
67 Kanna (except Zembrin) 4.4272 3.1425 3.7143 49
68 Coluracetam 4.4270 2.7534 4.5026 195
69 Kava 4.4264 2.7860 4.0377 212
70 Noopept 4.4052 2.9120 4.4335 609
71 Glycine 4.3699 2.8550 4.2857 224
72 Polygala tenuifolia 4.3618 2.7667 4.1642 67
73 Piracetam 4.3431 2.6919 4.3036 807
74 Fasoracetam 4.3400 2.9227 4.1913 115
75 Red reishi mushrooms 4.3173 2.7473 3.9121 91
76 Alpha-GPC 4.2884 2.9014 3.6667 288
77 Creatine 4.2806 2.8656 4.0286 1153
78 Vegetarian diet 4.2675 3.1808 3.6012 326
79 Lemon balm 4.2298 2.8058 4.0941 170
80 Methylene blue 4.2150 3.1439 4.3860 57
81 Ashwagandha 4.2057 2.8851 4.0371 835
82 Sulbutiamine 4.1995 2.8933 3.7586 87
83 Nicotinamide mononucleotide 4.1975 3.1859 3.8197 61
84 CBD 4.1952 2.8163 3.6671 709
85 Pregenolone 4.1432 2.3733 3.2174 23
86 Vitamin D 4.1231 2.9564 3.4107 487
87 Black seed oil 4.1223 2.9604 3.7051 156
88 Huperzine-A 4.1219 2.8831 3.4111 90
89 Tyrosine 4.1124 2.8848 3.5118 254
90 Bacopa 4.0922 2.9473 4.0506 474
91 Guanfacine 4.0719 3.0878 2.9655 29
92 Panamax 4.0569 2.3440 4.5714 14
93 Shilajit 4.0268 2.9308 3.9222 90
94 Cordyceps 4.0229 2.7850 3.8907 247
95 Theacrine 3.9982 2.7515 4.1468 109
96 Lion's Mane 3.9839 2.9384 3.4621 396
97 Rhodiola 3.9837 2.8066 3.8553 463
98 Taurine 3.9728 2.8231 3.2985 67
99 7,8-dihydroxyflavone 3.9705 3.0657 3.6667 42
100 Phosphatidylserine 3.9442 2.9828 3.2545 55
101 Valerian Root 3.9410 2.8216 3.4068 236
102 Palmitoylethanolamide 3.9151 2.7620 3.1429 21
103 Carnitine 3.9014 2.8343 3.5578 450
104 Berberine 3.8905 2.9243 3.9907 108
105 Sarcosine 3.8880 3.1151 2.8056 36
106 Probiotics 3.8506 3.0152 3.3416 322
107 Tryptophan 3.8200 2.9960 3.3750 120
108 Sunifiram 3.7881 2.4008 1.8182 11
109 N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine 3.7651 2.7667 3.1528 144
110 Maca 3.7205 2.5704 3.4688 320
111 Omega 3 3.6895 2.7584 3.0701 956
112 DMAE 3.6710 2.8607 3.5168 149
113 Choline 3.6616 2.6846 3.5796 678
114 Unifiram 3.6417 3.3285 3.7429 35
115 Inositol 3.4987 2.7107 3.3420 231
116 GABA 3.4832 2.8883 2.6803 147
117 Ginseng 3.4485 2.6232 2.8698 384
118 Boswellia 3.4362 2.2763 2.3077 26
119 Trying to get less sleep 3.4322 2.9353 2.5223 291
120 St John's Wort 3.4192 2.7800 2.7513 197
121 Niacin 3.3851 2.5439 2.9589 316
122 Picamilon 3.3329 2.8347 3.6818 88
123 5-HTP 3.3205 2.4804 2.7873 395
124 Curcumin 3.2950 2.6646 2.7936 281
125 Saffron 3.2891 2.7569 2.8016 126
126 SAM-e 3.2876 2.6826 2.2637 91
127 White jelly mushrooms 3.1923 2.8577 2.4167 24
128 Ginkgo Biloba 3.1855 2.5927 2.4804 281
129 Fermented drinks 3.0733 2.6760 2.7086 326
130 AlphaBrainproprietaryblend 2.6360 2.6487 2.8889 36
Nootropic n pct_tolerance pct_addiction pct_persistent pct_stopped pct_other pct_none pct_empty
<chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Caffeine 1784 16.5 7.8 7.2 5.7 1.5 35.9 28.8
2 Melatonin 1064 3.6 0.5 3 5.6 1.6 52.3 33.6
3 Magnesium 997 0.6 0 1 1.8 0.4 62.3 33.9
4 Trying to get mor… 993 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.3 5 58.2 34.8
5 Omega 3 956 0.3 0 0.6 1.5 0.4 61.4 35.8
6 Nicotine 871 5.5 22.7 3.8 7.1 2.8 36.9 26.4
7 L-Theanine 867 1.7 0 0.9 2.3 0.9 60.8 33.3
8 Creatine 801 0.4 0 1.1 3.4 0.6 60.5 34
9 CBD 709 1.6 0.4 1 2.8 3.1 60.2 30.9
10 Ashwagandha 617 1.9 0.2 2.1 7.5 1.9 61.6 24.8
11 Adderall 616 9.6 7.3 10.2 12 5.7 38.8 18.5
12 Weightlifting 567 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.9 37.6 57.8
13 Modafinil 536 5 1.7 7.5 9 2.1 41.4 34.3
14 Nofap 511 0.2 0.2 1.2 2.9 4.5 64 27
15 Low intensity car… 507 0.2 0.4 0 0.6 2.2 41.6 55
16 Vitamin D 487 0.4 0 0 0 0.8 17.9 80.9
17 Bright lights in … 463 1.5 0 0.2 0.2 1.1 54.9 42.1
18 Intermittent fast… 454 0.4 0 1.3 2.9 4 25.3 66.3
19 Meditation 429 0.2 0 0.2 1.6 3 25.2 70.2
20 Ketogenic diet 405 0.5 0.2 2.5 6.9 6.4 57.8 25.9
21 LSD (microdose) 401 2.2 0 2.7 5.7 2.2 48.6 38.4
22 Lion's Mane 396 0.8 0 2 3.5 1.5 62.1 30.1
23 5-HTP 395 0.3 0 3.3 9.1 3.3 57.5 26.6
24 Psilocybin (micro… 387 1.6 0 2.1 3.6 3.1 44.7 45
25 Ginseng 384 1.6 0 1.3 1.6 0.3 65.9 29.4
26 SSRIs 383 4.2 0.3 15.4 21.7 3.1 33.2 25.1
27 Choline 371 0.3 0 2.2 5.1 0.5 72.8 19.1
28 High intensity ca… 364 0.5 0 0.8 1.4 2.7 42 52.5
29 Phenibut 328 9.1 2.7 3 4 3.7 60.4 18.3
30 Fermented drinks 326 0 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.6 66 29.4
31 Vegetarian diet 326 0.3 0 1.2 5.8 3.1 50.9 38.7
32 Probiotics 322 0.6 0 0.9 1.9 0.3 69.6 26.7
33 Piracetam 313 3.2 0 2.2 2.2 0.3 67.1 25.2
34 NAC 308 0 0 3.6 4.9 1 72.1 18.5
35 Noopept 297 1.7 0 3 3.4 0.7 75.1 16.2
36 Trying to get les… 291 0.7 0.3 9.3 16.8 1.7 59.1 13.1
37 Alpha-GPC 288 1.7 0 4.9 3.8 1 70.5 18.1
38 Ritalin 287 10.5 3.5 11.8 14.6 3.5 30.3 28.2
39 Cold shower / Ice… 284 0.7 0 1.1 1.4 4.2 27.5 65.1
40 Carnitine 283 1.8 0 1.1 3.9 0.7 72.8 19.8
41 Curcumin 281 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.8 0.7 65.5 31
42 Ginkgo Biloba 281 0.4 0 1.1 2.5 0.4 69.8 26
43 Kratom 278 7.2 9.7 4.7 10.8 2.2 46.8 22.3
44 Rhodiola 257 0.8 0 0.8 3.9 0.8 74.7 19.1
45 Tyrosine 254 0.8 0 0 0.8 0.4 68.9 29.1
46 Bacopa 249 0.4 0 1.6 8.8 2 66.3 20.9
47 Bupropion 242 3.3 0.4 6.6 22.3 4.5 33.5 29.3
48 Valerian Root 236 1.7 0.4 2.1 3.8 0.8 65.3 25.8
49 Niacin 222 0 0 2.3 5.4 0.5 56.8 35.1
50 Maca 219 0.9 0 0.5 3.2 0.5 71.7 23.3
51 Kava 212 2.4 0 0.9 2.4 3.8 57.5 33
52 Vegan diet 206 0 0 2.4 5.8 1.9 49 40.8
53 Phenylpiracetam 201 6.5 0 2.5 2 1 66.7 21.9
54 St John's Wort 197 0 0 5.1 7.1 2 61.4 24.9
55 Aniracetam 195 2.6 0 2.1 3.1 2.1 71.3 19
56 Cordyceps 187 0.5 0 1.6 2.7 2.1 63.6 29.4
57 Dexedrine 181 7.2 11.6 6.6 8.3 0.6 43.6 26
58 Adrafinil 165 5.5 0.6 4.8 8.5 4.2 53.3 23.6
59 Glycine 157 0.6 0 1.9 0.6 0 64.3 32.5
60 Xanax 152 7.2 11.2 4.6 6.6 7.2 52.6 12.5
61 GABA 147 0.7 0 2 2 2 75.5 17.7
62 N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosi… 144 0 0 0 0.7 0 78.5 20.8
63 Armodafinil 139 5.8 0.7 8.6 12.2 4.3 44.6 23.7
64 Inositol 134 0 0 2.2 2.2 0.7 68.7 26.1
65 Agmatine 127 2.4 0 0.8 5.5 1.6 77.2 12.6
66 SNRIs 126 5.6 1.6 11.9 19.8 2.4 33.3 25.4
67 Carnivore diet 120 1.7 0 1.7 8.3 2.5 58.3 27.5
68 Tryptophan 120 1.7 0 3.3 2.5 1.7 66.7 24.2
69 Oxiracetam 116 0.9 0 0.9 2.6 0.9 70.7 24.1
70 Black seed oil 113 0 0 0.9 0.9 0 72.6 25.7
71 Lemon balm 112 0.9 0 0.9 2.7 0.9 75.9 19.6
72 SAM-e 91 0 0 1.1 9.9 4.4 68.1 16.5
73 Huperzine-A 90 1.1 0 0 1.1 0 76.7 21.1
74 Sulbutiamine 87 8 0 1.1 3.4 0 71.3 16.1
75 Saffron 86 0 0 2.3 0 1.2 61.6 34.9
76 Uridine 79 2.5 0 3.8 3.8 0 74.7 15.2
77 Paleo diet 77 0 0 0 1.3 7.8 18.2 72.7
78 Berberine 73 0 0 1.4 2.7 2.7 74 19.2
79 Fasoracetam 70 2.9 0 2.9 1.4 0 82.9 10
80 Red reishi mushro… 69 0 0 0 0 0 55.1 44.9
81 Taurine 67 0 0 0 4.5 0 35.8 59.7
82 Coluracetam 66 0 0 0 0 3 84.8 12.1
83 Semax/etc 66 0 0 0 4.5 1.5 68.2 25.8
84 Bromantane 65 0 0 1.5 6.2 1.5 78.5 12.3
85 DMAE 65 0 0 1.5 6.2 0 72.3 20
86 Tianeptine 65 10.8 10.8 4.6 4.6 3.1 56.9 12.3
87 Shilajit 63 0 0 3.2 1.6 0 69.8 25.4
88 Pramiracetam 58 0 0 1.7 5.2 0 74.1 19
89 Phosphatidylserine 55 1.8 0 0 5.5 0 67.3 25.5
90 Theacrine 50 2 0 0 4 0 80 14
91 Kanna (except Zem… 49 4.1 0 4.1 0 2 75.5 14.3
92 Nicotinamide ribo… 45 2.2 0 2.2 0 0 64.4 31.1
93 Zembrin 45 4.4 0 2.2 2.2 0 40 51.1
94 Nicotinamide mono… 44 0 0 0 2.3 2.3 70.5 25
95 Polygala tenuifol… 44 0 0 2.3 2.3 0 81.8 13.6
96 PRL-8-53 41 0 0 0 0 2.4 75.6 22
97 Emoxypine 37 0 0 0 5.4 0 83.8 10.8
98 NSI-189 36 0 0 2.8 2.8 0 77.8 16.7
99 Sarcosine 36 2.8 0 0 5.6 0 80.6 11.1
100 7,8-dihydroxyflav… 34 0 0 0 2.9 2.9 70.6 23.5
101 Selegiline 33 0 0 6.1 3 6.1 66.7 18.2
102 BPC-157 30 0 0 0 0 0 93.3 6.7
103 MAOIs (except Sel… 30 3.3 0 0 13.3 3.3 60 20
104 Guanfacine 29 0 0 0 17.2 0 51.7 31
105 Boswellia 26 0 0 0 0 0 69.2 30.8
106 Selank/etc 26 0 0 0 3.8 0 69.2 26.9
107 Dynamine 24 0 0 4.2 0 0 70.8 25
108 Pregenolone 23 0 0 4.3 8.7 4.3 69.6 13
109 Palmitoylethanola… 21 0 0 0 4.8 0 85.7 9.5
110 9-MBC 20 0 0 0 10 5 80 5
111 White jelly mushr… 19 0 0 0 5.3 0 73.7 21.1
112 Methylene blue 18 0 0 5.6 5.6 0 66.7 22.2
113 Picamilon 18 11.1 0 0 0 5.6 77.8 5.6
114 DMHA 15 0 6.7 0 6.7 0 80 6.7
115 Cerebrolysin 11 0 0 0 0 0 81.8 18.2
116 Sunifiram 11 0 0 0 0 0 90.9 9.1
117 IDRA-21 10 0 0 0 10 0 80 10
118 Unifiram 9 0 0 0 0 0 55.6 44.4
119 N-methyl-cyclazod… 7 14.3 0 28.6 0 0 57.1 0
120 P21 7 0 0 0 0 0 57.1 42.9
121 Dihexa 6 0 0 0 0 0 50 50
122 Etifoxine 6 0 0 0 0 0 83.3 16.7
123 Donepezil 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 0
124 Nefiracetam 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 0
125 RGPU-95 2 0 0 0 50 0 50 0 > print(results, n=40)
# A tibble: 36 × 5
Nootropic n ADHD_cor Anxiety_cor Depression_cor
<chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Adderall 314 0.062900 0.021662 -0.097396
2 AlphaBrainproprietaryblend 36 -0.17192 0.22230 0.20258
3 Aniracetam 211 0.089352 0.16843 -0.0017279
4 Ashwagandha 218 -0.033750 -0.025323 -0.081165
5 Bacopa 225 0.037530 0.043305 -0.074816
6 Caffeine 769 -0.081765 -0.030708 -0.071853
7 Cerebrolysin 22 -0.23004 0.23606 -0.12675
8 Choline 307 -0.012875 0.073420 -0.021905
9 Coluracetam 100 -0.10844 0.12713 0.11529
10 Creatine 352 -0.0052770 0.10956 0.010003
11 DMAE 84 -0.014837 0.059137 -0.030059
12 Dihexa 20 0.29024 -0.096770 -0.17688
13 Emoxypine 29 -0.17427 0.024310 0.062955
14 Epicorasimmunebooster 37 0.20278 -0.0094995 -0.078731
15 Fasoracetam 45 0.21514 0.16649 -0.0061883
16 Inositol 97 0.010857 0.065094 0.13643
17 LSD 109 0.19596 0.18915 0.12097
18 Melatonin 480 0.0030061 0.047024 -0.046341
19 MethyleneBlue 39 -0.16358 0.053920 -0.024437
20 Modafinil 480 -0.10179 -0.030736 -0.0084299
21 Nicotine 342 0.076348 0.080575 0.089007
22 Noopept 312 0.038232 0.052330 -0.050274
23 Oxiracetam 165 0.087033 0.011851 -0.021060
24 PRL853 48 0.098148 0.052984 -0.18019
25 Phenibut 216 -0.090533 0.092323 0.031813
26 Phenylpiracetam 196 0.023689 0.10193 -0.000086302
27 Picamilon 70 0.011929 0.00065099 -0.039042
28 Piracetam 289 0.030179 0.11017 -0.020228
29 Rhodiola 206 -0.039773 0.049512 -0.034419
30 SelankandNASelanketc 68 0.0079689 0.40952 0.16792
31 Seligiline 45 -0.093293 -0.065341 -0.089253
32 SemaxandNASemaxetc 124 -0.023641 -0.061937 -0.051097
33 Theanine 455 0.054842 0.014214 -0.070745
34 Tianeptine 145 -0.0038751 0.097093 0.17670
35 Unifiram 26 -0.12836 -0.14378 -0.17307
36 Uridine 78 -0.15327 0.10878 0.052797 cor.test(ssc2016_2$Overalllevelofknowledgeaboutnootropicscomparedtoaverageuser, ssc2016_2$Overallexperiencewithnootropics)
Pearson’s product-moment correlation
data: ssc2016_2$Overalllevelofknowledgeaboutnootropicscomparedtoaverageuser and ssc2016_2$Overallexperiencewithnootropics
t = 9.2, df = 761, p-value <0.0000000000000002
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.25090 0.37872
sample estimates:
cor
0.31624
> cor.test(ssc2016_2$num_nootropics_rated, ssc2016_2$Overallexperiencewithnootropics)
Pearson’s product-moment correlation
data: ssc2016_2$num_nootropics_rated and ssc2016_2$Overallexperiencewithnootropics
t = 5.29, df = 773, p-value = 0.00000016
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.11816 0.25411
sample estimates:
cor
0.18703
> cor.test(ssc2016_2$num_nootropics_rated, ssc2016_2$Overalllevelofknowledgeaboutnootropicscomparedtoaverageuser)
Pearson’s product-moment correlation
data: ssc2016_2$num_nootropics_rated and ssc2016_2$Overalllevelofknowledgeaboutnootropicscomparedtoaverageuser
t = 15, df = 776, p-value <0.0000000000000002
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.41827 0.52731
sample estimates:
cor
0.47461